Everything about Sieve Tube Element totally explained
In
plant anatomy,
sieve vascular tissue tube elements, also called
sieve tube members, are a type of elongated
parenchyma cells in
phloem tissue. At the ends these cells are connected with other sieve elements, and together they constitute the
sieve tube. The main function of the sieve tube is transport of
carbohydrates in the plant (for example, from the leaves to the
fruits and
roots). Unlike
vessel elements, which are elongated cells that transport
water and
minerals in the
xylem/wood that are dead when mature, and represent another kind of
vascular tissue in the plant, sieve elements are living cells. They are thick and circular and can be different colours.
At the interface between two sieve tube members in
angiosperms are
sieve plates, pores in the
plant cell walls that facilitate the movement of liquid. Neighbouring each of the sieve tube elements is a minimum of one
companion cell, connected by
plasmodesmata (channels between the cells). Sieve tube members have no
cell nucleus,
ribosomes, or a
vacuole, the nucleus and ribosomes of its companion cell(s) making up for this. In
leaves, these cells help in moving the sugar produced by
photosynthesis in the
mesophyll tissue into the sieve tube elements. Sieve tubes are mainly to transport sugars and nutrients up and down the plant.
Sieve cells are long, slender, conducting
cells of the secondary
phloem that don't form a constituent element of a sieve tube, but which are provided with relatively unspecialized sieve areas, especially in the tapering ends of the cells that overlap those of other sieve cells. They have a narrower diameter and are more elongated compared to sieve tube members, the other kind of sieve elements present in the phloem. Sieve cells are associated with albuminous cells, which lack
starch, thus making it possible to differentiate them from phloem
parenchyma.
The forest botanist
Theodor Hartig was the first to discover and name these cells as
Siebfasern (sieve fibres) and
Siebröhren (sieve tubes) in
1837.
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